Value Creation through Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) in Commercial Buildings: A Case Study of Johannesburg Office Market

South Africa prisca.simbanegavi@wits.ac.za Green buildings are increasingly promoted as instruments for advancing environmental sustainability. However, evidence shows that many certified green buildings experience performance decline over time because of maintenance neglect, technological obsolescence, and short-term investment priorities, raising concerns about their long-term value. Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) have emerged as a complementary strategy by integrating ecological processes into commercial buildings to improve environmental performance and asset resilience. Despite these benefits, uncertainty remains regarding how NbS create value in commercial real estate, particularly in emerging markets. This study examines how NbS contribute to value creation within Johannesburg’s commercial office market using a qualitative case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen built environment professionals selected for their expertise in commercial office development, sustainability, property management, valuation, and investment. Thematic analysis, guided by the Triple Bottom Line framework with an additional strategic investment dimension, identified four interconnected themes. Environmental performance demonstrated how NbS improve operational and lifecycle efficiency through reduced resource consumption and improved building performance. Economic value creation showed that these operational improvements strengthen long-term asset resilience and investment value. Social value and occupant well-being revealed that healthier and more attractive workplaces enhance tenant appeal and market competitiveness. Finally, investor confidence and market perception illustrated how NbS strengthen ESG alignment and improve strategic investment positioning. The findings demonstrate that these four themes collectively represent complementary value-creation mechanisms rather than isolated outcomes. The study concludes that NbS provide a viable pathway for sustaining green building performance while strengthening investor confidence and long-term commercial property value. The paper recommends integrating NbS into mainstream commercial property inves