Assessment of the Adoption of Circular Economy Design Strategies in Selected High-Rise Mixed-Use Buildings in Lagos, Nigeria

Nigeria ugochinyere.ezeochapgs@stu.cu.edu.ng Rapid urbanisation and land scarcity in Lagos, Nigeria, have driven a proliferation of high-rise mixed-use buildings whose resource consumption and waste generation remain a critical sustainability challenge. This study assesses the adoption of circular economy (CE) design strategies in three high-rise mixed-use buildings in Lagos, Nestoil Tower, Heritage Place, and Kings Tower, using a structured observation checklist covering material efficiency, energy conservation, water circularity, design for disassembly, and adaptability, each rated on a 0–5 scale. All three buildings performed well in smart building technologies (automated lighting, HVAC, BEMS) but poorly in material circularity and on-site renewable energy generation; passive solar-control glazing was moderately adopted, but active generation remained absent, and water efficiency was limited to basic conservation measures, with greywater recycling and smart irrigation absent. Kings Tower emerged as the leader, combining passive solar shading, on-site water treatment, and an adaptable island-core layout, though it too lacks design for disassembly, recycled materials, and solar PV. The findings supply an empirically grounded, building-level CE baseline presently missing from Nigerian high-rise research, giving developers and policymakers a concrete basis for intervention, and demonstrate practical pathways for advancing Agenda 2063 Aspirations 1 and 6. Comprehensive circularity will require integrating demountable connections, material passports, renewable energy, and closed-loop water systems from the design stage, supported by mandatory CE building codes, incentives, and professional capacity-building. Managing Campus Landscapes through Green Infrastructure for Rainwater Control and Groundwater Recharge in Sustainable Green Campus Development Joleha Joleha1*, Imam Suprayogi1, Merley Misriani1, Elianora Elianora1, Randhi Saily1,2,