An Empirical ESG Process Metrics Framework for Sustainable Project Management

Perak, Malaysia muhammadadnan1108@gmail.com The increasing global emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance has prompted a re-examination of conventional project management practices, particularly regarding how sustainability is operationalised at the process level. Despite the widespread adoption of ESG principles, project managers continue to face challenges due to the absence of a standardised, process-oriented metric framework. This results in ambiguity when prioritising sustainability actions during project delivery. This study aims to evaluate and structure ESG process metrics to support sustainable project management practices. An online questionnaire survey was administered to project management stakeholders, assessing 20 ESG-related process metrics. More than 85% of the respondents rated the metrics as very useful or extremely useful for the ESG process framework. The cumulative weightage was 77%. Principal Component Analysis (KMO = 0.813; Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, p < 0.001) extracted three components, which together explained 70% of the total variance. The findings indicate that strong governance mechanisms, effective environmental control processes, and embedded ethical and social safeguards constitute the core dimensions of ESG integration in project management. This study proposes an ESG process metrics framework. The study recommends that project organisations institutionalise governance-driven ESG controls, prioritise environmental performance monitoring at the operational level, and strengthen social and ethical safeguards through competency development and stakeholder engagement. These measures can enhance decision-making clarity, reduce ESG-related threats, and improve alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals. This research contributes to sustainable project management literature by clarifying ESG process priorities and offering a practical framework applicable across diverse project contexts. Internet of Things (IoT)-Enabled Smart Facilities Management: Assessing the Role of Digital Technologies in Reducing University Campus Emissions Mohammed, Abubakar Sadiq1*, Christopher Amoah2, Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu